Paris
Paris
It is about the capital of France. For other uses 
Paris is the capital of France. Located on the river Seine, in northern France, in the heart region of Île-de-France (also known as “Paris Region”; French: Region Parisienne). City of Paris on administrative boundaries (unchanged since 1860) has a population of 2,167,994 inhabitants (January 2006). Paris Unité urbaine (or urban area) extends well beyond the administrative city limits and has an estimated population of 9.93 million (in 2005). Paris aire urbaine (or metropolitan area) has a population of almost 12 million people, and is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in Europe.
Paris is the city’s most popular tourist destination in the world, with 30 million foreign visitors per year. There are a number of well-known markers of land among the various attractions, along with famous institutions and popular parks in the world
Etymology
Paris spoken pronunciation in English, and Science in French. Paris is the latin name of Lutetia ( lutetja ), or Lutetia Parisiorum, (French: Lutèce), which is then cut to just Paris. The name is derived from Gallic Parisii tribe, whose name is probably derived from the Celtic Gallic word, meaning “cauldron”, but not related. Other authors consider Parisii name comes from the Celtic Gallic word parisio which means “working people” or “craftsmen.” Since the beginning of the 20th century, Paris has been known as Paname (panam) in French slang (Moi j’suis d’Paname, meaning “I’m from Paname”), a hose that has been popular among teenagers in recent years.
Parisians are known as Parisian or in English and Parisien ( in French. The word Parigot can sometimes (meaning “citizens of Paris”, pronounced is sometimes used in slang French. Often considered degrading, Parigot can sometimes have a good connotation, as in the famous song by Maurice Chevalier: “C’est un Gars d’Ménilmontant, un vrai p’tit Parigot can sometimes, …” (“He’s a guy from Ménilmontant, a little Parisian, .. .. “) Locally, residents of the suburbs of Paris known as banlieusards , means that residents of the banlieue (” suburbs “). Population région Île-de-France (Paris Region) is known officially as Francilien (. Citizens of Paris menyebit people from outside the Île-de-France as Provinciaux (from various provinces). The use of this designation, such as France as he considers the whole province, is sometimes considered pejorative
History
Signs of early archaeological permanent settlement in Paris began in 4200 SM.Parisii, sub-tribe Senones Kelt, known as the merchants, inhabiting the area near the river Seine since 250 BC. Roman control of marsh Paris in 52 BC, with permanent settlement at the end of the same century on the Left Bank Sainte Geneviève Hill and Île de la Cité island. Gallic-Roman town was originally called Lutetia, but in-Galisiakan become Lutèce. Great extend towards the following centuries, becoming a prosperous city with a forum, palaces, ponds, temples, theaters and an amphitheater. Fall of the Roman Empire and Germanic attacks of the 13th century brought this city into the era of darkness. The year 400 AD Lutèce, who later abandoned by its inhabitants, only a small garrison town in the middle of the fortified islands were irregular. The city received the name “Paris” at the end of Roman occupation.
- Medieval
Around the year 500 AD, Paris is the center for the king of the Franks, Clovis I, who built the first cathedral and abbey addressed in the offspring, which later became the patron saint of the city, Sainte Geneviève. After the death of Clovis, Frank kingdom split, and Paris became the capital of a smaller sovereign state. During Karolingia dynasty (9th century), Paris is smaller than feudal district. Duke of Paris began to open up and held great power than the King of Francia occidentalis, Odo, duke of Paris was elected king who replaced Charles the Fat, because the stature he successfully defended Paris during the Viking siege (Siege of Paris (885-886)). Although the Cité island survived the Viking attacks, most of the Left Bank city destroyed; than rebuilt there, after drying the swamp in the north of the island, Paris began to expand itself to the Right Bank. In 987 AD, Hugh Capet, duke of Paris, was elected King of France, founded the dynasty of Capet who raised Paris as the capital of France.
Since 1190, King Philip Augustus of the second edge of Paris close to the wall involving the Louvre as a fortress west and in 1200 opened the University of Paris which attracted students from all over Europe. During this period the city build a broad distribution of activity is still going on until now: the center island has a government and religious institutions, the left edge into the center of education with Universities and colleges, while the right bank developed as a commercial center around the central Les Halles marketplace.
As Objectionable Paris lost its position as the capital of French Burgundy occupied by British allies during the Hundred Years War, but get back his title when Charles VII reclaim this city in 1437. While Paris became the capital again, the kingdom was placed in the Loire Valley castles. During the Wars of Religion France, Paris became the basis of the Catholic party, resulting in a massacre of St Day. Bartholomew (1572). King Henry IV to re-establish the royal palace in Paris in 1594 after a convert to Roman Catholicism (with his famous sentence: Paris is worth celebrating Mass.). During the Fronde, Parisians revolted and the royal family left the city (1648). King Louis XIV moved to a permanent royal palace at Versailles in 1682. A century later, Paris became the center of the French Revolution, to attack the Bastille in 1789 and the imposition of the monarchy in 1792
- The 20th Century
During World War I, Paris was in the forefront of the war, has been to stem the German attack on France and Britain’s victory in the First Battle of the Marne in 1914. In the years 1918-1919, there were the Allied victory parades and peace negotiations. In the period antarperang Paris is famous for the cultural and artistic communities and its nightlife. The city is a gathering place for artists from around the world, Russia expelled from the composer Stravinsky and Spanish painters Picasso and Dalí to American writer Hemingway. In June 1940, five minggi after the beginning of the Battle of France, Paris fell in the German occupation forces who settled there until the city was liberated in August 1944, two months after the Normandy assault.
Central Paris affected by World War II, no damage, because there are no strategic targets for Allied bombers (train station in central Paris are terminal stations; large factory located in the suburbs), and also because of cultural display. General von Choltitz from Germany did not destroy all Parisian monuments before the German retreat, as ordered by Adolf Hitler, who visited the city in 1940.
After the war, Paris experienced its largest development since the end of the Belle Epoque 1914. Suburbs become widespread, with large communities estate development known as CITES and the beginning of the business district of La Défense. An express subway network of sophisticated, RER, was built to complement the Métro and serve the distant suburbs, while the freeway network built in the suburbs, centered on the Expressway Périphérique surrounding cities
Since the 1970s, many in the Paris suburbs (especially north and east) have experienced deindustrialization, and CITES has become a shelter prosperous immigrants and unemployment. At the same time, the city of Paris (in the circle Périphérique) and western and southern outskirts of the traditional economy has evolved into high-value services and sophisticated production equipment, produce benefits for citizens who are income per capita among the highest in Europe. Social differences that bring the two areas in rebellion since the mid-1980s, as unrest in 2005 that focused primarily on the northeastern outskirts.
- The 21st century
To reduce social tensions in the suburbs in the Paris metropolitan and economic recovery, some plans are executed. Office of the Secretary of State for Development of the Capital Territory was built in March 2008 in the French government. The owner, Christian Blanc, in charge of examining the plan of President Nicolas Sarkozy for the formation of metropolitan areas (see Administration section below) Grand Paris (“Greater Paris”), also an extension of the subway network to compensate for population growth in Paris and suburbs, and various development projects economy to encourage the metropolitan economy such as construction technology and building world-class science and university campuses in the Saclay plateau on the southern outskirts.
Equally, President Sarkozy also launched an international architectural competition and urban in 2008 for future development of metropolitan Paris. Ten teams including architects, urban planners, geographers, landscape architects will provide their vision to build the Paris metropolis of the 21st century after the era after the Kyoto and make a diagnosis perspective to Paris and the suburbs that would explain the future development in the Greater Paris for the next 40 years . The goal is not only environmentally friendly to build a metropolis but also integrate with the central suburbs in the City of Paris through large scale urban planning operations and unique architectural projects.
Meanwhile, in an attempt to push the face of metropolitan Paris in the global competition, some supertinggi skyscraper (300 m / 1,000 ft and more) have been approved since 2006 in the business district of La Défense, the western city limits, and scheduled for completion early 2010′s. Party City of Paris also announced their plans to build skyscrapers within the city limits by updating the building height limit for the first time since construction of the Tour Montparnasse in the early 1970s.
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